「圣经辅导学导论」课程要点摘录
INTRODUCTION TO BIBLICAL COUNSELING
LECTURE
HIGHLIGHTS
林慈信牧师
（2004年6月3日，2008年1月12日增订）
I．《圣经》辅导简史Brief
Historical Review of Biblical Counseling
1．
宗教改革，清教徒：「心灵的医治」。Reformation,
Puritans: “the cure of souls.”
2．
世俗心理学的兴起：19世纪末，20世纪。Rise
of secular psychology: late 19th century, 20th century.
3．
1950年代：世俗心理学进入教会。1950s:
Secular psychology enters the church.
4．
1960年代：进入福音派教会。1960s:
Enters the evangelical church.
5．
1970亚当斯，《成功的辅导》面世，创始《圣经》辅导运动。1970
Jay Adams, Competent to Counsel.
Launches Biblical (nouthetic) counseling movement.
6．
第二代《圣经》辅导运动：CCEF。2nd
generation: Christian Counseling and Educational Foundation.
John Bettler -> David Powlison, Paul Trip, Ed Welch.
7．
全国性组织。
Nation-wide
movement: National Association of Nouthetic Counselors.
II．《圣经》辅导的目标
The Goal of Biblical Counseling
1．
《圣经》辅导的目标，不是使人感觉舒服
(如佛洛伊德Freud:
equilibrium)。
The goal of biblical counseling is not the person feeling
better (e.g. Freud: equilibrium).
2．
《圣经》辅导的目标，也不是给人一个积极的自尊心
(positive self-esteem)。
The goal of biblical counseling is not a positive self-esteem.
3．
*《圣经》辅导的目标：助人过有纪律的生活，遵行上帝的话，结圣灵的果子。
The goal of biblical counseling is: a disciplined life,
obedience to God’s Word, and bearing the fruit of the Holy Spirit.
4．
*或说《圣经》辅导的目标是：助人有清洁无亏的良心（提前1：5）。
Or: The goal of biblical counseling is: a clean conscience (I
Tim. 1:5).
5．
《圣经》辅导是教会传道事工的一种，是上帝话语的教导
(the ministry of teaching God’s Word)。徒20：20-31：或在家中（辅导），或在众人前（讲道）。
Biblical counseling is a form of the ministry of preaching/teaching God’s Word
in the church. Acts
20:20-31: at home (counseling), or for all (preaching).
6．
有人提出异议：《圣经》辅导与传福音有何不同？这样说，辅导只不过是传福音？回答：这有什么坏处？教会不传福音
/
带领人作基督徒，要作什么？
Objection: If so, what’s the difference between biblical
counseling and evangelism? Are you
just doing evangelism? Answer:
What’s wrong with that? If the
church don’t witness to the gospel, and make disciples for Christ, what should
we be doing?
7．
以
「病人」
和人感受为中心
(client-centered) 的辅导，至终是自私和懒惰的。必需向人挑战：不可凭感觉；生活的目标是顺服上帝，建立自律，结果子。
Client-centered counseling is, in the final analysis, selfish
and lazy. We must challenge people:
do not depend on/feed on your feelings.
The goal in life is to obey God, and to build disciplined, fruit-bearing
lives.
III．世俗心理辅导专业：附批判
Helping
Professions
1．
精神科医生Psychiatrist：是医生，可以开药。Physicians;
can prescribe medication.
2．
临床心理学家
Clinical psychologist (Ph.D.)
：不可开药。These
are not physicians.
3．
社会工作者
Social worker (M.S.W.)
。
4．
婚姻家庭辅导，治疗者
Marriage and Family Therapist/Counselor
。
5．
各式心理治疗者
All kinds of “therapists,” “counselors”
。
IV．心理学是上帝的启示吗？
Is Psychology God’s Revelation?
1．
Cornelius Van Til
范泰尔的批判：The
critique by Cornelius Van Til:
Authority of the Expert.
专家的权威不能凌驾在《圣经》以上。
The authority of the
expertise cannot, should not be above the Bible’s authority.
（例如：辅导时候可否用《圣经》，在乎这样作是否符合心理辅导的原则；这种想法，事实上已经将心理学的专业理论凌驾《圣经》以上。）
Example:
the principle that: whether the Bible can be used in counseling sessions, depend
whether such use are in accord with sound psychological/counseling principles.
This kind of thinking, in effect, has placed psychology’s professional
expertise above the Bible as an authority above the Bible.
2．
文化（包括心理学）是什么？不是神的普遍启示，连影子都不是！心理学是人对上帝普遍启示的回应。堕落的人，对上帝启示的回应一定有错误，有所歪曲。
What is culture (including psychology)?
It is NOT God’s general revelation, not even a shadow of it!
Psychology is man (sinner)’s response to God’s general revelation.
As sinners, we will inevitably respond to God’s revelation in a twisted
and erroneous way.
V．谁能辅导？Who
Can Counsel?
1．
圣灵是辅导者：赛11：1-2。The
Holy Spirit is counselor: Isaiah 11:1-2.
2．
《罗马书》15：14
–
基督徒都能劝戒，因有良善与知识
。
Competent
to Counsel.
Romans 15:14: Every Christian can counsel, because he/she has goodness and
knowledge. Every Christian is
“competent to counsel.”
3．
有基督徒特别有辅导的恩赐。罗12：8。
Some Christians have special gifts for counseling.
Romans 12:8.
4．
加拉太书6：2
–
基督徒必需辅导，挽回在罪中的人。Ready
to Restore.
Galatians 6:2: Christians must counsel and restore those who
have fallen into sin.
5．
特别是长老们，牧师传道们，需要辅导。徒20：20，28，31。
Specially elders and pastors should counsel.
Acts 20:20, 28, 31.
VI．《圣经》辅导的对象
Who Should Receive Biblical Counseling?
1．
教会的信徒。教会若不强（内部腐烂），怎样传福音？
Christians. If the
church is not strong, and is “rotten inside,” how can she reach out?
2．
慕道朋友。为什么不可以向他们进行《圣经》辅导？我们很多时候害怕世人不能接受福音，其实我们的惧怕常常使教会瘫痪
(paralyzed)！参
“欢迎，朋友”。
Non-believers. Why
shouldn’t/can’t we provide them with biblical counseling?
We are often so afraid that non-Christians would not receive the gospel.
Actually we become paralyzed by this fear!
Cf. “Welcome, friend” letter/brochure.
VII．圣经辅导学基本的原则（预设）：人是什么？
(The Bible’s View of Man)
Basic Principles (Presuppositions) of Biblical counseling: What is Man?
1．
预设是不能用逻辑或科学证明，又是我们事先假设，相信的，很基本的信念。
Presuppositions are things we believe, and assume (presuppose).
These cannot be proven by science or logic.
(John Frame, Apologetics to the Glory of God, P&R.
Richard Pratt, Every Thought Captive, P&R.
www.prpbooks.com.
)
预设的同意词，是「世界观」
(worldview, or world and life view)。
A synonymn of “presupposition” would be worldview, or world
and life view.
例：人是谁/人是什么？是神创造的，还是进化的？
E.g.: What is man?
Is man created by God, or evolved?
有神的形象，或像动物，仅是一堆欲望（如：佛洛伊德：生欲，死欲）？
Is man the image of God? Or just
like an animal, a bunch of desires/drives?
(e.g. Sigmund
Freud: eros and thanatos, the desire for life/sex, and desire for death?)
人的尊严何处来？来自神的形象？是自发的？
Where does man’s dignity come
from? From the image of God?
From inside himself?
究竟人
「自由」
吗？人可离开上帝自主生活(autonomous)
吗？
Is man really free?
Can man live independently, autonomous from God?
即：宇宙人生有那些范畴
(categories/contexts)，耶稣基督不管理，耶稣不是主？
In other words: Which categories/contexts in the universe are
free from the rule of Jesus Christ?
Is there any area in which Jesus is not Lord?
（罗杰斯：人趋向自主
– autonomy：合乎神的设计吗？）
Carl Rogers: The self moves
toward autonomy: Is this God’s design?
「自由意志」
(free will)
的定义是什么？
What is the definition of “free will”?
人须为自己的行为，言语，思想负责吗？还是一个受害者？
Must man take responsibility
for his own behavior, words, thoughts?
Or is he just a victim?
人的问题从哪里来？
Where do man’s problems come from?
从小时的伤害（父母，教师，宗教等）？
From injuries received in childhood/youth (parents, teachers,
religion)?
还是自己要为自己的罪负责？
Or does man need to take
responsibility of his own sins?
人的问题归根到底是什么？是罪？病？伤害？
What is the root/cause of man’s problems?
Is it sin? Sickness?
Injury?
如何解决人（辅导求助者）的问题？探索原生家庭所造成的伤害？
How to solve the problems of the counselee?
By exploring the injuries experienced by the person, from his
family of origin?
带人到十字架，和神的话面前？
Do we bring people to the cross, to God’s word?
2．
《圣经》辅导学的人观（预设）与心理学的人观完全不同。
The biblical counseling
movement holds a radically different view of man (doctrine of man,
presuppositions) from the view of man adopted by secular psychology.
心理学的人观有严重的错误。
There are serious errors in the view of man held by secular
psychology (schools).
我们并不怀疑，大部分的心理学家，动机都是帮助人。
We do not question the motives of most psychologists – they
intend to help people.
我们不需要怀疑，很多心理学家是虔诚的基督徒！
We also don’t doubt that many psychologists are devout
Christians.
这些因素并不保证他们的预设是合乎《圣经》的。
But these facts/factors do not guarantee that their
presuppositions are biblical.
3．
人观包括：人是什么？人的问题，需要在哪里？如何解决人的问题？
A person’s “view of man” includes: what is man?
Wherein lie man’s needs and problems?
How to solve man’s problems?
4．
加尔文：认识上帝，认识人。要认识人，必需认识上帝， 如何看待人。
Calvin talks about knowing God, and knowing man (ourselves).
In order to know man,
we must know God – we must know how God views man.
(John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion.
Book 1, chapter 1.)
5．
《圣经》的人观是：(a)
人是按照上帝的形象被造的，有（一）真理的知识（知），（二）仁义（意），和（三）圣洁的心（情）。亚当是（一）先知，（二）君王，（三）祭司。(b)
但人犯罪堕落了，知，意，情都歪曲了。(c)
重生的意义：（一）圣灵光照理智，认识真理；（二）圣灵克服意志，人降服在基督下，（三）感情跟著理智与意志，渴慕上帝，到十字架面前。这是具体的思维方式。
The Bible’s view of man is: (a) Man is created in the image of
God. At creation, man has knowledge
of truth (in his mind), righteousness (in his will), and holiness (in his
heart). Adam was prophet, king, and
priest. (b) But man sinned, and
mankind fell. Man’s mind, heart and
will are all depraved (twisted). (c)
The meaning of being born again (regeneration) is: (i) The Holy Spirit
enlightens the mind, so that man knows the truth.
(ii) The Holy Spirit overcomes the will, so that man surrenders under
Christ’s lordship. (iii) The heart
of man follows the mind and will, to thirst after God.
Man comes to the cross. This
would be “concrete thinking” about man.
6．
人最基本的需要不是被肯定，被爱，而是敬拜（约4：24）。有三种人：（一）以心灵与诚实敬拜；（二）不以真理敬拜真神；（三）敬奉假神偶像（罗1：25）。
Man’s most basic need is not to be affirmed, to be loved,
rather: it is the need to worship (John 4:24).
There are three kinds of people: (i) Those who worship the true God in
spirit and in truth. (ii) Those who
worship the true God in the wrong way.
(iii) Those who worship and serve false gods (idols, Romans 1:25).
7．
《圣经》要求人三样事：（一）信靠，（二）悔改，（三）遵行上帝的话。
God demands three things from man: (i) faith, (ii) repentance,
(iii) obey God’s Word.
8．
解决人问题的方案，不外这三方面的立志与操练（使人归正，教导人学义）。
Thus, the way to solve man’s problems, is none other than to
help man commit himself, and to discipline himself in these three areas (faith,
repentance, obedience) – In other words, the way to solve problems is through
“correction and training in righteousness.”
VIII．清教徒与辅导
The Puritans and Counseling
1．
清教徒成熟，我们这代信徒不成熟。The
Puritans were mature, we are not.
(巴刻J.I.
Packer, The Quest for Godliness.）
2．
为什么我们不成熟？因为我们对神不认真。
Why are we not mature?
Because we are not serious enough about God.
（巴刻，《活在圣灵中》,
J.I. Packer, Keep in Step with the Spirit.参看「圣灵与圣洁」一章。Chapter
on “Holiness and the Holy Spirit.”）
3．
清教徒：一个牧养教会的运动。
Puritanism
was a
movement of pastors.
4．
清教徒牧师都从事辅导，称之为灵魂的医治。
Puritan pastors all engage in
counseling – they call it “the cure of souls.”
这方面的著作，最有名的是《天路历程》；最完备的，是
Richard Baxter, A Christian Directory
(800+ pages, $45, Soli Deo Gloria)。
The most famous work on the cure of souls is
Pilgrims’ Progress.
The most comprehensive work is Richard Baxter’s
A Christian Directory (800+ pages).
5．
20世纪的例子：钟马田，《灵性低潮》
(Martin Lloyd-Jones, Spiritual Depression)。辅导的基础是神的话，《圣经》的真理。
Example of 20th
century Puritan “cure of souls” would be Martyn Lloyd-Jones,
Spiritual Depression.
The foundation of counseling must be God’s Word, biblical truth.
6．
如何应用《圣经》在不同生活情况上。
Casuistry: cases of conscience: the art of applying Scripture
to various contexts in life.
7．
现代的心理学，是将《圣经》辅导歪曲，世俗化。
Modern psychology has twisted and secularized Biblical
counseling.
8．
清教徒与《圣经》辅导：律法主义？
Are
Puritans/Biblical Counselors Legalistic?
a.
律法主义
=
要求人遵守一些《圣经》没有定下的规条。
What is legalism? It is to require
man to follow rules not laid down in the Bible.
b.
清教徒：回到《圣经》找上帝所吩咐的诫命。
The Puritans returned to the Bible to discover commands which God has laid down.
c.
另一极端：无律法主义，假自由意志的名义，纵容放纵情欲。
Another extreme is
lawlessness (anti-nomianism) – under the pretext of “free will,” allowing sin
and licentiousness.
IX．良心
Conscience
1．
清教徒对良心的定义：良心是人的理智作出道德判断。
The Puritans’ definition:
Conscience is the mind of man passing moral judgment.
讲义中第16-23课对问题的定义，都从思想开始。
Cf. Introduction to Biblical Counseling syllabus.
Biblical counseling defines all problems (worry, fear, anger, marital
problems, etc.) beginning with man’s mind.
2．
罪人良心的标准不合乎神的律法；因此，对得住良心还是对不住上帝；对不住良心也是神不喜悦的。因此，人需要重生，换心（结36：25-26，约3：3，5，8）。
The conscience of sinners do not have God’s law as the norm.
Therefore, when a conscience is clean to a person himself, it is not
acceptable to God. And if a person
has an uneasy (bad) conscience, it is not pleasing to God either.
Therefore, man needs to be regenerated – he needs a “heart change”(Ezek.
36:25-26; John 3:3, 5, 8).
3．
良心不可靠，必须学习。
Man’s
conscience is not infallible. Man’s
conscience needs to learn.
基督徒必需操练良心。学习上帝的道。良心由上帝的道与圣灵来管教。
The conscience needs to be discipline.
It needs to learn God’s Word.
The conscience needs to be
disciplined by God’s Word and the Holy Spirit.
X．《圣经》辅导的步骤
–
提后3：16
Steps in Biblical Counseling – II Timothy 3:16
1．
教导
–
神是怎么样的一位神， 的吩咐是什么。
Teaching: What kind of God is God?
What are God’s requirements/commands?
2．
督责
–
我们如何的犯了罪，得罪了神。
Reproof: How have we sinned and offended God?
3．
使人归正
–
祷告悔改，立志改过。
Correction – bring people to pray, repent, and commit themselves to change.
4．
教导人学义
–
操练敬虔，有纪律的生活。
Training for righteousness – learn to be disciplined, godly in life.
XI．所谓「基督教心理辅导」对《圣经》辅导的批判
Critique of Biblical
Counseling (from so-called “Christian Counseling”)
1．
没有爱心，不同情人，没有同理心。（参：辅导七步骤。）
Biblical counselors are not loving, they have no empathy.
They don’t care about people.
2．
亚当斯不了解心理学。（亚当斯的自白：《圣灵的劝诫》：前言，第一章。）
Biblical counselors don’t know anything about psychology.
(Cf. Jay E. Adams’ sharing in his
Competent to Counsel, chapter 1.)
3．
《圣经》辅导者只指出人的罪（叫人焦虑更甚）。（人的需要是究竟什么？）
Biblical counselors only point out people’s sin, so their
anxiety increases. (What is the need
of man?)
4．
《圣经》辅导没有考虑到人身体上的因素。
Biblical
counseling doesn’t address man’s bodily factors.
（参基督徒医生的著作，他们同时是《圣经》辅导员；如：
Cf. Books written by doctors who are also Biblical counselors:
Robert Smith, A Christian Counselor’s
Medical Desk Reference。）
XII．《圣经》辅导两代
Two Generations of Nouthetic Counseling
1．亚当斯：开荒者。
Jay E. Adams, the pioneer.
2．CCEF：深入研究人的动机。(Walter
Chung,
「再谈《圣经》辅导学」。)
Christian Counseling and Educational Foundation (www.ccef.org):
Analyzes motives in the heart.
XIII．
给人们的盼望
Give
People Hope: There is Hope
1．
人需要盼望，因为除起初面对的挫折，还因受了非《圣经》的辅导而失望或绝望。
People need hope because, in addition to the original setback in life, people
became more disappointed (even despair) because they received non-biblical
counseling.
2．
我们要给人盼望：但不要乱开支票：你丈夫不会跟你离婚的！（你我怎么知道？）
We must give people hope: but let’s not write “blank checks,”
e.g.: “Your husband won’t divorce you!”
(How do you know he won’t?)
3．
真正的盼望：你有盼望，若愿意按照上帝的话面对你的情况，不论你感受如何。
Real hope: We can say: “There is hope for you, if you are
willing to face your problems God’s way, regardless of how you feel.”
4．
林前10：13：（一）你不孤独，你面对的问题不是过于人能担当的。（二）上帝是不变的，信实的。（三）有盼望，有出路（若你愿意按照 的话来面对，回应你的问题，无论感受如何）。（四）出路不是逃避，乃是经过，忍受得著。
Hope from I Cor.10:13:
(i) You are not alone. The
problem(s) you face are not greater than what man can handle.
(ii) God is unchanging, faithful.
(iii) There is hope, there is a way out (if you are willing to face this
problem according to His Word – regardless of how you feel).
(iv) The way out is not to avoid the problem, but to go through it, to
endure it.
XIV．基督徒与非基督徒的不同
Is a Christian Different from a Non-Christian?
既然基督徒也会犯罪，那末，基督徒与非基督徒有什么不一样？
Since Christians also sin, what’s the difference between a
Christian and a non-Christian?
1．
重生的基督徒，会对自己的罪完全诚实面对。只有真正重生的基督徒才会。
A born again Christian (and only a born again Christian) is
honest about his sin.
2．
重生的基督徒，会懂得如何面对罪：他会到十字架面前。只有重生的基督徒才会。
A born again Christian (and only a born again Christian) knows
what to do with sin: he comes to the cross.
3．
重生的基督徒，在对付罪，胜过罪这事上，是有进步的。
A born again Christian makes progress out of sin.
XV．如何面对家庭背景，如何面对过去
Facing
Family Background, Facing Our Past
1．
我们要知道求助者的过去家庭背景，伤害等。可是每人必需为自己负责，如何面对过去。我们的过去与现在，都是上帝美好的安排，我们必需学习感恩。
We should understand the family background, and past injuries experienced by the
counselee. However, everyone must be
responsible for his/her own responses.
Our past and present is part of God’s wise providence.
We must learn how to give thanks to God.
2．
我们要为过去所犯的罪，少年的私欲，求上帝赦免。上帝必定在基督里赦免我们的罪，这是 的保证！
We should ask God to forgive us for the sins of our youth.
God will forgive us in Christ:
this is the guarantee of his Word.
3．
接受上帝的赦免之后，我们要为生命里的疤痕感谢 。疤痕（特别是回忆）不一定是惩罚；上帝不咒诅我们一生作次等公民！要从十字架的角度（恩典）来面对过去。基督徒生活肯定会有苦难；原因：一，我们生活在一个堕落的世界里，罪一定带来苦难；二，基督徒须要为主，为福音受苦；三，我们因别人犯罪而受苦；四，我们自己犯罪因此受苦。
After we receive God’s forgiveness, thank God for the scars in our lives.
Scars, especially our memory, may not be punishment from God – God does
not curse us to be second-class citizens
for life! View our past from the
perspective of the cross (grace). Christians will have suffering; there are
several reasons for this: 1. We do
live in a fallen world. Sin will
bring suffering. 2.
Christians will suffer for Christ, for the gospel.
3. We will suffer because of
someone else’s sin. 4.
We sin, therefore suffering comes upon us.
XVI．如何面对死亡
Facing Death
通常有六种面对死亡的方法：Usually,
people face death in one of six ways:
1．
否定对方已经去世。Denial:
denying that the loved one has died.
2．
忧伤以致忧郁。不能正常的工作。
Depression: sorrow to the level of depression, so that we
cannot work/function normally.
3．
靠自己的力量面对。（很孤单）
Defiance: we face the death of our loved one with our own
strength. Very lonely to do this.
4．
向上帝发怒，问：为什么？Anger
at God – asking “Why, God?”
5．
向家人发涉怒气，弟兄姐妹之间不和。
Anger directed at family/loved ones.
Strife, no harmony in the family during period of grief.
6．
内疚。这是特别侵蚀我们心灵的！Guilt.
This “eats away” at our soul!
7．
上面六条都是死路。Each
one of these six ways is a “dead end street.”
只有依靠上帝，才能有效的面对忧伤，胜过忧伤。
Only if we rely on (trust in) God, can we effectively face our
grief, and overcome our grief.
如何依靠上帝？以感谢来回忆过去。感谢上帝将已去世的家人（亲友）赐为我们，在地上活了这些年日。
How to depend on God?
Remember the past with a heart of thanksgiving.
Thank God for giving this (deceased) loved one to us, that this person
lived for these years on earth with us.
赏赐的是耶和华，收取的是耶和华，耶和华的名是应当称颂的。
The Lord gives, the Lord takes away.
Blessed be the name of the Lord.
8．
换言之，我们要靠上帝的恩典与已去世的亲人道别
(Say Good-bye)，从今以后，以感恩来回忆。
In other words, we should “say good-bye” by God’s grace to our
deceased loved one. From now on,
remember him/her with thanksgiving to God.
9．
一个安息礼拜讲道大纲：Outline
of a funeral sermon:
God is God.
God is good.
God will receive His glory.
XVII．正视淫乱
The Biblical View on Sexual Sin
1．
淫乱
(fornication)
是指所有的性罪。人都会犯淫乱的罪。
The word “fornication” refers to all sexual sins.
All people commit fornication.
2．
奸淫
(adultery)是违背婚约的行为。已经结婚的人所的罪，称为奸淫。
The word “adultery” refers to sins which violate a marriage
vow.
3．
淫乱始于淫念
(lust)。我们的大脑是身体里最有力的器官。犯罪往往从思想开始。
Fornication begins with lust in the mind.
Our brain is the most powerful sex-organ in our bodies.
Sin most often begins in the mind – begins with thoughts.
4．
分析：淫念是贪心
(greed)
一种。都犯十诫，都是自我中心生活的表现。
Analysis: Lust is a form of greed.
It violates of God’s law, is a form of self-centered living.
5．
如何胜过淫念（贪心）？
第一，要在上帝面前承认我们需要圣灵。求圣灵掌管我们的思想。把我们的思想生活，眼睛，双手，身体每部分交托圣灵，奉献给 用。
How to overcome lust/greed?
First, confess before God that we need the Holy Spirit.
Ask the Holy Spirit to control our thoughts.
Commit our thought-life, our eyes, our hands, our bodies to the Holy
Spirit. Let him use us.
6．
第二，要操练内心的满足
(contentment)。人的身体，性别，灵魂，自我
(identity)
都是上帝所赐。因此我们需要为这些感谢上帝：（一）我们的性别，（二）我们的身体（是神所造的），（三）我们的感情，包括性方面的（都是神所造的，都是好的；只有误用是才是犯罪），（四）我们的父母亲（不论他们如何养育我们）。
Second: Practice contentment in the heart.
Our body, gender, soul, identity are all given by God.
Therefore we should give thanks to God for these: (1) our gender, (b) our
bodies (created by God), (3) our feelings, including sexual ones (God created
them; they are good; the misuse of them is sin), (4) our parents (no matter how
they raised us).
7．
第三，要知道自己的软弱，而加倍儆醒。
Third, we should be aware of our own weak points – and be
extra alert.
在哪些情况下我会挑起我的私欲？应该避免看什么读物？避免去哪些地方？避免与什么朋友外出？上网时应该如何儆醒？
What kind of circumstances would arouse my lust?
What reading materials should I avoid?
What places should I avoid going to?
What kind of friends should I avoid going out with?
How should I be extra alert when surfing on the internet?
在上列的情况中，要操练祷告!
In all these circumstances, practice praying!
谈恋爱者约会时，应避免在哪些地方停留（给自己提供诱惑，给魔鬼留地步）？
When you are going out with your date, what kind of places
should you avoid lingering at, which would give yourselves temptation, and give
the Devil an opportunity?
8．
第四，我们需要彼此守望
(mutual accountability)。
Fourth, we need mutual accountability.
9．
第五，承认我们需要属灵的遮盖与保护。要求教会或团契，长者们为我们祷告。
Fifth, confess that we need spiritual protection.
Ask the church, elders to pray for us.
XVIII．其他问题：忧虑，忧郁，怒气：参讲义。关于离婚参：「婚姻，离婚，再婚观大纲」，或《婚姻辅导学》（大光）。Other
Problems: Worry, Depression, Anger, etc.: cf. syllabus notes.
Cf. Jay E. Adams, Marriage, Divorce
and Remarriage in the Bible.
XIX．世俗观念一：「心理病」的神话
Secular Concept #1: Myth of “Mental Illness”
附：问题的来源是否出自身体，还是罪？Do
our problems come from our bodies? Or from sin?
1．
人们问题的来源有两种：身体上的。因此，基督徒与教会的牧长必需与诚实的医生合作。其他的就是灵性的（就是，行为上的）。灵性的因素有三类：（一）自己犯罪，（二）他人犯罪，伤害自己，（三）邪灵。
There are two sources of our problems: the body is one source.
Therefore, all pastors
should work with a
honest doctor. Other sources are all
spiritual (i.e., in behavior).
Spiritual factors include: (a) sin, (b) other people sinning
against us, (c) evil spirits.
2．
辅导面对的问题，如忧郁，绝对可能有身体上的因素。
Problems in counseling, e.g. depression, may have physical factors.
The Christian Counselor’s Medical
Reference. Timeless Texts (Dr. Jay Adams’ publishing house)
www.timelesstexts.com
3．
佛洛伊德前，当人们说某某人有
「心理病」时，有两种可能：一，「病」
用法是寓意的；病可指忧伤，罪，忧虑等属灵问题。二，是指疯狂的人假装生病。
Before Sigmund Freud came along, when people (in the church)
say, such a person is “mentally sick,” there are two possible meanings: (a) the
word “sickness” is a metaphor; “sickness” may refer to sorrow, sin, worry, etc.
– spiritual problems. (b) “Mental
sickness” refers to insane people pretending that they are sick.
4．
清教徒牧师都从事辅导：灵魂的医治
。其基础是上帝的话，《圣经》的教义。
All Puritan pastors do counseling: “the cure of souls.”
The foundation of counseling is God’s word, truths/doctrines revealed in
the Bible.
清教徒称忧郁作病，可是这绝对是寓意的
(metaphorical)。
When Puritans call depression (melancholy) “sickness,” it may
be metaphorical.
5．
佛洛伊德
(Sigmund Freud)
的革命，乃将寓意的用法变成是事实
–
像与身体上的疾病一样
–
其实很多论调没有科学根据。目前很多科学家，心理学家都承认佛氏的理论中所有的重要观念都是错误，都不合乎科学（见
Newsweek
1992的封面文章，
“The Death of Freud”; google.com:
“Is Freud Dead?”）。这样一来，人们，社会对心理病的态度，就以为它们真的是与身体上的疾病一样，是有科学根据的事实。
Sigmund Freud’s revolution in psychology makes
“mental illness” a fact – just like physical illnesses.
Many of his arguments have no scientific basis.
Today many scientists and psychologists believe that all major ideas in
Freud’s thought are wrong and unscientific.
(“The Death of Freud,” Newsweek,
1992.)
6．
心理病
(mental illness)
观念的问题在于：既是病，人不需负责任。没有责任感，就没有盼望！圣经称罪为罪，是要给人在上帝面前负责；在上帝面前负责，就有盼望。上帝称罪为罪，因有赦罪的恩典提供给我们！赦免比治疗更重要，更宝贵！
The problem with the notion of “mental illness”: Since man is
“ill,” he is not responsible. There
is no sense of responsibility, therefore: no hope!
The Bible calls sin sin, to make us responsible before God.
This way, there is hope for man!
God calls sin sin, because forgiveness is available!
Forgiveness is more important/valuable than “therapy”!
XX．吃药可以吗？Is
It OK to Take Medication?
我们并不怀疑，吃某一种药会有某一种的效果
(包括
side effects)。
We do not doubt that: there are effects, including
side-effects, when we take medicine!
Robert Smith, M.D., The Christian
Counselor’s Medical Desk Reference.
www.timelesstexts.org.
千万不要劝一个正在吃药的人，停止吃药。这不是我们的责任！
Do not ever advise a person who is on medication, to stop
taking it! That is not our job!
究竟这个人的问题是什么？是什么问题使他「需要」吃药？
What is this person’s problem, which causes him/her to “need”
the medication?
他的问题是否真的大脑不灵或
chemical imbalance?
Is it really true that his brain malfunctions, or there is
chemical imbalance in his body?
很多时候，人的所谓「心理病」其实是罪，是逃避责任。
Quite often, what goes for “mental illness” is actually sin
and escaping one’s responsibility.
《圣灵的劝诫》
Competent to Counsel,
页13,
15；
Edward Welch, Blame it on the Brain?
XXI．世俗的观念二：自尊心
(Self-Esteem)
不合乎《圣经》
Secular Concept #2: The Idea of “Self-Esteem” is Against the
Bible
1．
耶稣基督来到世上，
不是要给人一个积极的自尊心
(positive self-esteem)。
Jesus Christ came to earth, not to give a positive self-esteem
to men and women!
这是心理学和一些基督教领袖的提倡，不是正统的福音。
“Self-esteem” is an idea promoted by some psychologists and
Christians – but not the gospel.
如：
Robert Schuller (Crystal Cathedral, Garden Grove, California)
认为救恩就是积极的自尊心。Schuller
thinks that salvation consists of a positive self-esteem.
2．
耶稣基督来，是要我们背起十字架跟从 ，要舍己，而不是爱己。
Jesus Christ came, to teach and requires us to take up the
cross to follow him – to deny ourselves, not to love ourselves.
3．
那末，我们不是应当爱人如己吗？所以应该先爱己嘛！
But you may ask: isn’t it true that we should love others as
ourselves? So we should love
ourselves first!
这是严重的解经错误。This
is a very serious mistake in interpreting the Bible.
《圣经》讲到爱人「如己」，是指我们爱人应爱到什么程度，不是先爱己、后爱人。
When the Bible says that we should love others as ourselves, “as ourselves”
refers to the extent to which we should love others.
It has to do with loving others, not loving ourselves.
The Bible does NOT teach us to love ourselves first, then love others.
我们堕落了的人性，不需要上帝提醒我们爱惜自己！我们的本性就是以自己为中心的。我们需要的真理乃是：舍弃爱己，去爱上帝，爱别人。
Our fallen, sinful human nature does not need God to teach us to love ourselves!
We are already self-centered.
The truth we need, is to learn to give up
loving
ourselves, and learn to love God and love other people.
4．
Self-esteem
按照心理学的论调，是往往需要别人来赞赏
(positive self-regard)。
Rogers’ psychology, we need positive self-regard in order to
have a positive self-esteem.
这种说法，无形中强调自己的独立，自主，和主权。正与舍己的福音相反。
This way of promoting self-esteem presupposes that we should
insist that we are autonomous, independent, and sovereign.
It stands in exact opposition to the gospel in the Bible.
XXII．世俗的观念三：自卑感
Secular Concept #3: Inferiority Complex
1．
《圣经》没有自卑的观念。《雅各书》4章的自卑与心理学的自卑感没有关系。
The Bible does not teach the concept of “inferiority complex.”
“Humble yourselves” in James chapter 4 is something else; it has nothing
to do with “inferiority” or “low self-image.”
2．
我们的自卑，是因为我们与别人比较。我们非常在意他人怎样看我们。
We feel “low self-esteem” because we compare ourselves with
others. We care too much about how
other people look at us.
3．
我在意别人怎样看我，主要问题是：我自己最重要，比任何人，比上帝都更重要。
We care about how other people look at us, because: we feel
that we ourselves are so important, we are more important than anyone else, than
God.
4．
解决自卑感的办法：相信上帝，感谢 所赐给我的一切。
The way out of “low self-esteem”: trust God, thank God for all
that he has given us.
5．
因此：自卑与自大一样，都是不信的表现。
You see, inferiority complex is the same as arrogance: they
are both expressions of unbelief.
6．
很多人很害怕；怕别人看见我的真相；怕别人不肯定我，不喜欢我；怕别人会伤害我。解决的方法：先懂得敬畏上帝！
A lot of people are afraid: they are afraid that “others will
see the real me”; “others will not like me, and will reject me”; and “others
will hurt me.” Solution: fear God
first!
XXIII．世俗观念四：罗杰斯
Secular Concept #4: Carl Rogers’ Non-Directive Counseling
1．
非指引的辅导方法：
non-directive counseling;
等于是非辅导的辅导！
Non-directive counseling: it amounts to “non-counseling
counseling!”
2．
罗氏的人观：人的自我
(self)
乃是一个人的经历的总和。人并没有灵魂。
Rogers on man: the “self” = sum total of a person’s
experiences. Man doesn’t have a
soul.
3．
而人这个动物
(organism)
有一个导向自主的倾向
(a tendency toward autonomy)。
This organism – man – has a
tendency to move toward autonomy.
4．
怎样使人朝著自主方向走？人需要别人正面的对待
(positive regard)，和自己对自己正面的对待
(positive self-regard)。
因此，人需要别人的肯定。
How to help man along toward this goal?
Man needs positive regard, and positive self-regard.
Therefore, we need to be affirmed by others.
5．
《圣经》的人观：人不只是经历的总和；人是灵魂，人是上帝的形象；按上帝的形象被造，有他的经历。而我们如何面对我们的经历，要在上帝面前负责。
The Bible’s view of man: Man is NOT the sum total of his experiences.
Man is soul, man is the image of God.
Man is created in the image of God; man does have experiences.
We are responsible for our responses to our experiences.
XXIV．世俗观念五：新纪元宗教观念与心理学
Secular
Concept #5: New Age Philosophy
1．
新纪元是古希腊的诺斯底主义（
Gnosticism,
新约已指责为异端）和东方宗教（道教，佛教，印度教等）的混合品。www.cwipp.org
New Age is a combination/mixture of Gnosticism (philosophy and
religion from ancient Greece and Rome; condemned by the early church as a
heresy), and Asian religions (Daoism, Buddhism, Hinduism, etc.).
2．
新纪元的神观：神是我；我是神。我是宇宙；宇宙是我。神是宇宙；宇宙是神。
New Age view of God: God is me.
I am God. I am the universe.
The universe is me. God is
the universe. The universe is God.
3．
新纪元灵媒
(spirit-mediums)：今天很多西方的灵媒著书立说，代表天使，邪灵发言。灵媒中的教义（例如：无条件的爱与接纳；我就是上帝等）有
80%
已被世俗心理学家用在他们的著作中。
Spirit-mediums: Many spirit-mediums (“channels”) today are
authors of books. They write on
behalf of angels and demons. The
doctrines taught by channels (e.g. unconditional acceptance, I am God, etc.) –
80% of these doctrines have been incorporated into secular psychology books.
4．
「基督教心理辅导」的著作，已用上灵媒的教义的50-59%!
And what about books written by Christian psychologists?
They have used 50-59% of these concepts/doctrines!
(cf. Lois Chan, Unholy Alliance.)
（见张逸萍女士博士论文：
Lois Chan,
Unholy Alliance:
her
Ph.D. dissertation, Trinity College and Seminary of Indiana, 2002。）
XXV．女权主义。Feminism.
参：《女人与事奉》，校园：Susan
Foh
一章。
Cf. Susan Foh, Women and the Word of God (P&R), or Susan Foh’s chapter in
Women in Ministry: Four Views (IVP).
参：《丹佛宣言》，林慈信译。
Cf. Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood
www.cbmw.org
-> “About Us” -> “Core Beliefs: Danvers Statement.”